Task 8 – Update SHIRA – Anglo American Social Way toolkit

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Task 8 – Update SHIRA

Contents in this section:

Task 8 – Update SHIRA

Task 9 – Develop SIM management plan

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This section is focused on updating SHIRA and developing a SIM Management Plan.

Task 8 – Update SHIRA

Based on the results of Task 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 and the internal and external context review (see Section 2), sites should assess SIM-related impacts and risks in the SHIRA assessment.

As part of SHIRA, prevention and mitigation measures should be identified. In accordance with the mitigation hierarchy there are two types of prevention and mitigation measures for SIM: those aimed at preventing or minimising the scale of SIM, and those aimed at preventing or mitigating potential impacts caused by SIM. Table 4G.4 provides examples of the former, Table 4G.5 of the latter.

SIM prevention and mitigation requires the involvement of multiple functions. The Social Performance Management Committee (SPMC) (see Section 1) and the ORM process are vehicles for ensuring coordination. Examples of cross-functional responsibilities are included in Tables 4 and and 5.

Several mitigation measures likely consist of long-term SED interventions. These should be incorporated into SED (see Section 4A). SED interventions can be used to mitigate potential adverse SIM impacts and maximise opportunities.

The development and implementation of SIM mitigation measures also involves external stakeholders (see Task 11).

Box 4G.5 Potential impacts on in-migrants

SIM assessments typically focus on impacts on existing local communities and less on the in-migrants.

However, once in-migrants have moved within the site’s Area of Influence (see Section 2), they become potentially affected stakeholders themselves.

Box 4G.6 SIM and vulnerability

Vulnerability is a factor in determining the consequence level of potential impacts. In relation to SIM, the potential adverse impacts of in-migration on women, children and groups such as the elderly or disabled can be especially severe, for example:

The safety and security of women and children can be threatened by the arrival of in-migrants (typically young men). Even when there is no physical threat, the presence of significant numbers of outsiders can undermine communities’ sense of security. The potential proliferation of bars and accompanying increase in gambling and prostitution can reinforce this sense of insecurity and discourage women, children and the elderly from walking freely in towns. Potential issues include:

Young women could be at risk of harassment or being drawn into prostitution out of economic necessity
In-migrants may have a low social status or be resented amongst local communities or public officials.
Pressure on public services (health, education) has a disproportionate impact on vulnerable groups
The poorest in a community will suffer the most from any SIM-related inflation in the price of basic goods and services.

TABLE 4G.3 Example of potential impacts and risks

Impact Category	Potential impact
Economic	Increase in competition for economic resources and employment Disruption to traditional livelihoods Recruitment of newly-arrived in-migrants instead of local residents can lead to tension. This is equally true of contractors and in relation to local procurement. Over-exploitation of natural resources, environmental degradation or land speculation. In case of closure or care and maintenance, an outflow of people may lead to a decrease in economic growth rates
Personal and political security	Inappropriate, illegal or criminal behaviour by workers or contractors in communities Theft, violence, trespassing, illegal land occupation Migrants themselves can become victims of crime or harassment and may be targeted by local communities or by security forces Conflict between local communities and migrants
Socio-cultural networks	Disruption to traditional leadership Breakdown or erosion of traditional customs, values, and norms Loss of local identity Increase in inequalities within communities
Infrastructure and services	Inadequate capacity of public services and infrastructure to manage an increase in demand as a result of increased population Development of shantytowns / informal settlements and squatter areas In case of closure or care and maintenance, an outflow of people may lead to an increase in access to infrastructure and services for the local population
Cultural heritage	Damage to graves or occupation of cemeteries for land Damage to cultural heritage sites
Community health & safety	Poor sanitation at informal settlements encourages spread of disease Increased risk of fire and uncontrolled spread of fire in informal settlements Higher levels of pollution, noise and traffic can impact on community health Introduction of new diseases to local communities Increase in HIV/AIDS and other STIs due to increase in prostitution New roads and more vehicles increase the risk of accidents.

Risks category	Risk
Reputation	Resentment towards site, perceptions of unfair treatment of locals Sustainable Mining Plan health and education targets undermined The behaviour of permanent and contract workers in local communities can have a strong influence on perceptions of the site
Safety	Spread of disease affects site workers
Financial	Pressure on site to support health provision and other services and infrastructure

TABLE 4G.4 Example of controls to prevent and minimise the scale of SIM

Category	Examples of Prevention Measures	Control Owner
Site accessibility	Site access roads and transport corridors can unintentionally facilitate in-migration, either by making it easier to reach the site or by opening up access to nearby areas that were previously inaccessible. Buffer zones around the site can discourage squatters or ASM. The design and location of access roads and transport corridors should consider SIM.	Mine planning
Recruitment and training procedures	Recruitment and training procedures, including those of contractors, should be designed to discourage SIM. A clear definition of who is considered ‘local’ and an approach for how the site prioritises local workers (where allowed) should be developed and widely disseminated. Recruitment at the site gate should not be possible as it encourages job-seekers to settle near the site. Job-seekers should be able to apply for jobs remotely, i.e. online or at recruitment centres away from the mine site.	Human resources
Procurement procedures	Procurement procedures, including those of contractors, should be designed to discourage SIM. A clear definition of who is considered ‘local’ and an approach for how the site prioritises local contractors should be developed and widely disseminated. Companies should be able to register their business on the site’s register of qualifying enterprises remotely.	Supply chain
Worker accommodation	Workers from outside of the community are often housed in camps. Closed camps with good facilities, entertainment and services limit the need for workers to go to nearby villages to buy goods and services and seek entertainment. Sites should consider prohibiting workers from buying goods and services offered at the worker accommodation gate.	Human resources
Worker transportation	Providing transportation to and from site for workers from their point of origin may discourage worker to move close to the site.	Human resources
Contractor management	The above measures (accessibility, recruitment procedures, procurement procedures, worker accommodation, worker transportation) should be agreed and implemented by contractors working on the site’s behalf.	Supply chain and the contract owner
Regional development programmes	The scale of SIM can be managed by supporting long-term, collaborative regional development activities. Economic growth in the wider region can reduce dependency on the site as a potential source of direct or indirect income and diversify in-migration away from the site.	Social performance
SED projects	Where SED projects are concentrated in one particular community or area, this may attract SIM. Diversifying SED projects throughout the area of influence may prevent in-migrants to settle in one particular area.	Social performance

TABLE 4G.5 Example of Controls to Prevent and Mitigate the Impacts of SIM

Impact Category	Potential Impact	Example Controls	Control Owner
Economic	Local land occupation by in-migrants	Support efforts to formalise local land ownership and local land rights (legal and customary) (see Section 4F). Work with local authorities and communities to develop a spatial planning approach	Social performance
Personal and political security	Harassment of local women by site workers	Codes of conduct for workers. Limit interaction with communities, i.e. worker camp not located in communities, closed worker camp, designated stop areas for drivers, etc.	Human resources
Socio-cultural networks	Disruption to traditional leadership and culture	Limit interaction with communities (as above) for workers from outside the local area Encourage dialogue between communities and in-migrants Prepare communities for impacts of SIM SED projects to community build trust and cohesion, building resilience of communities.	Social performance
Infrastructure & services	Inadequate supply of health services	Provide accommodation and services for workers from outside the local area SED projects focused on health (see Section 4C) Work with local authorities to improve health service provision (see Section 4C)	Social performance
Cultural heritage	Desecration of graves or forest or other areas of cultural significance to the local population	Measures to limit access to cultural heritage sites Awareness-raising programmes for in-migrants	S&SD
Community health & safety	Spread of disease at informal settlements	Health and sanitation awareness-raising programmes (see Section 4C) Support to provision of better water and sanitation (see Section 4C) Work with local authorities to improve spatial planning	Social performance